The spine is our body’s backbone and serves as the support pillar in connecting the nervous system to many different organs in our body. If the spine is damaged, it will cause severe pain throughout the entire body. When standing, the spine receives up to 100kg of pressure, 140kg while sitting down, 185kg when leaning forward and 275kg when bending down to lift objects (*numbers based on average male stature).

This is why office workers and students who sit down for long periods of time develop bad sitting postures, causing the pelvis to twist and the spine to contort. Such habits can lead to weakened tendons, pushing the disc further away from its neutral centre point and sometimes causing the disc to protrude through its protective layers, slide out and eventually escape.

Back pain
Pain in the lower back may be linked to the bony lumbar spine, discs between the vertebrae, ligaments around the spine and discs, spinal cord and nerves, lower back muscles, abdomen and pelvic internal organs, and the skin around the lumbar area.

Sciatica
The term sciatica describes the symptoms of leg pain—and possibly tingling, numbness, or weakness—that originate in the lower back and travel through the buttock and down the large sciatic nerve in the back of each leg.

Neck pain
Neck pain can come from a number of disorders and diseases and can involve any of the tissues in the neck.

Cervical Intervertebral disc herniation:
A herniated disc occurs when a disc in the spine is compressed and breaks open, leaking the inner disc fluid into the spinal canal.

Patients with a herniated disc in the cervical spine (neck) may experience chronic neck pain and radiating pain in the arm, neck, jaw and/or head. Some severe cases of herniated discs may cause occasional facial numbness.

Intervetebral disc degeneration
The spinal discs break down or degenerate, which may result in degenerative disc disease in some people. Age-related changes include a loss of fluid in your disc which decreases the ability of the discs to act as shock absorbers and make them less flexible. Loss of fluid also makes the disc thinner. This can result in pressure being put on the nerves in the spinal column, causing pain and weakness.

Plantar Fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain. It involves inflammation of a thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of your foot and connects your heel bone to your toes (plantar fascia).

Scoliosis
Scoliosis is a disorder that causes an abnormal curve of the spine, or backbone. The spine has normal curves when looking from the side, but it should appear straight when looking from the front.

Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in your shoulder joint

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJ)
The temporomandibular joint is the joint that connects your jaw to your skull. When this joint is damaged or injured, in can lead to pain in jaw, clicking sounds or limited range of motion

Sprain/Strain
A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments — the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together in your joints.

A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon. A tendon is a fibrous cord of tissue that connects muscles to bones.

Tendonitis
Tendonitis is an inflammation or irritation of a tendon, a thick cord that attaches bone to muscle

Carpal Tunnel
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition brought on by increased pressure on the median nerve at the wrist. Symptoms may include numbness, tingling, and pain in the arm, hand, and fingers.

Muscle Spasm
Muscle spasm causes the blood vessels to constrict and interferes with blood circulation. Therefore nutrients and oxygen are cut off and wastes are accumulated.  This interferes with the body’s self-healing ability and creates and vicious cycle which incurs more damage.

Abdominal Bloating
Abdominal bloating occurs when the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is filled with air or gas. Most people describe bloating as feeling full, tight, or swollen in the abdomen. Your abdomen may also be swollen (distended), hard, and painful. Bloating is often accompanied by pain.

Acid Reflux
Acid reflux is also known as heartburn, acid indigestion, or pyrosis. It happens when some of the acidic stomach contents go back up into the esophagus. Acid reflux creates a burning pain in the lower chest area, often after eating.

Appendicitis
Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a 3 1/2-inch-long tube of tissue that extends from the large intestine. Sometimes a pus-filled abscess (infection that is walled off from the rest of the body) forms outside the inflamed appendix.

Colitis
Colitis refers to inflammation of the inner lining of the colon. There are numerous causes of colitis including infection, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis), ischemic colitis, allergic reactions, and microscopic colitis.

Constipation
Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. The stool is often hard and dry. Constipation has many causes. Common causes include slow movement of stool within the colon, irritable bowel syndrome, and pelvic floor disorders.

Crohns
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract.

Diarrhea
Diarrhea is characterized by loose, watery stools or a frequent need to have a bowel movement. It usually lasts a few days and often disappears without any treatment.

Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis is the inflammation or infection of the diverticula. Diverticula are small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of your digestive system. They are found most often in the lower part of the large intestine (colon).

Gastrointestinal Inflammation

Heartburn
Heartburn is a common problem created by acid reflux, a condition where some of the stomach contents are forced back up into the esophagus. It creates a burning pain in the lower chest.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine. Signs and symptoms include cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation, or both. IBS is a chronic condition that you’ll need to manage long term.

Spastic Colon
Spastic colon is another term for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common disorder characterized by abdominal cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation and diarrhea.

Weight Loss

Anxiety
Anxiety is a general term for several disorders that cause nervousness, fear, apprehension, and worrying. These disorders affect how we feel and behave and can cause physical symptoms.

Autism/Aspergers
Autism is a complex neurobehavioral condition that includes impairments in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors. Because of the range of symptoms, this condition is now called autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Asperger syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) considered to be on the “high functioning” end of the spectrum. Affected children and adults have difficulty with social interactions and exhibit a restricted range of interests and/or repetitive behaviors.

Depression
Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person’s ability to function at work and at home.

Insomnia
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping. They may have difficulty falling asleep, or staying asleep as long as desired.

Hyperactivity & ADHD
Hyperactive behavior usually refers to constant activity, being easily distracted, impulsiveness, inability to concentrate, aggressiveness, and similar behaviors.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects children and teens and can continue into adulthood. ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder of children. Children with ADHD may be hyperactive and unable control their impulses or they may have trouble paying attention.

Panic Attacks
A panic attack is the abrupt onset of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes and includes at least four of the following symptoms: palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate, sweating, trembling or shaking, sensations of shortness of breath or smothering.

Psychosis
Psychosis is a severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality.

Stress
Stress is your body’s way of responding to any kind of demand. It can be caused by both good and bad experiences. When people feel stressed by something going on around them, their bodies react by releasing chemicals into the blood.

Hyper/Hypothyroid
The term hyperthyroidism refers to any condition in which there is too much thyroid hormone present in the thyroid. In other words, the thyroid gland is overactive. Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormone for the body’s needs.

Adrenal Disorders
Abnormal production of hormones resulting in nonspecific symptoms, such as body aches, fatigues, nervousness, sleep disturbances and digestive problem.

Cushing’s Syndrome
Also known as hypercortisolism, Cushing’s Syndrome occurs when high levels of cortisol is exposed to the body for a long period. The hallmark signs & symptoms of Cushing syndrome can result in hypertension, type 2 diabetes, pink/purple stretch marks, bone loss, weight gain, fragile skin, slow healing wounds and acne.

Goiter
An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck. Goiter is most often due to nodules that develop in the gland, over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones, or lack of iodine in the diet. Although goiters are painless, symptoms such as tight feeling in the throat, difficulty swallowing and breathing, coughing and hoarseness can occur depending on the size of the enlargement.

Enlarged prostate
Enlargement of the prostate is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It occurs when the cells of the prostate gland begin to multiply. These additional cells cause your prostate gland to swell, which squeezes the urethra and limits the flow of urine.

Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to get or keep an erection firm enough to have sexual intercourse. It’s also sometimes referred to as impotence.

Infertility
Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after a year of unprotected and unrestricted intercourse.

Low Libido
Low libido is the decrease in a person’s overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity. Sex drive is influenced by biological, psychological and social factors.

Menstrual Disorders
A menstrual disorder is an abnormal condition in a woman’s menstrual cycle. This includes irregular menstruation, menstrual cramps, heavy menstrual bleeding, no menstrual bleeding, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, severe depression, irritability and tension before menstruation. Most females learn to live with these abnormalities as they have suffered with these symptoms all their lives but if left untreated, they can become debilitating as they interrupt your daily life and some are indication of infertility or other health complications.

Menopausal Symptoms
Loss of estrogen is believed to be the cause of many of the symptoms associated with menopause. Menopausal symptoms may include hot flashes, night sweats, pain during intercourse, increased anxiety or irritability, and the need to urinate more often.

Premature Ejeculation
Premature ejaculation is uncontrolled ejaculation either before or shortly after sexual penetration. It happens with minimal sexual stimulation and before the person wishes.

Vaginal dryness or painful intercourse
Vaginal dryness is the loss of lubrication and pain during sex – after menopause, problems with lubrication and painful sex increase. Thinning of the skin around vagina makes it more easily damaged. This damage can often occur during sex, especially if lubrication is poor – even gentle friction can cause pain and discomfort.

Asthma
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that makes breathing difficult. With asthma, there is inflammation of the air passages that results in a temporary narrowing of the airways that carry oxygen to the lungs. This results in asthma symptoms, including coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

Bronchitis
Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) in the lungs. Symptoms include coughing up mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort. Bronchitis is divided into two types: acute and chronic. Acute bronchitis is also known as a chest cold.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an umbrella term used to describe progressive lung diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory (non-reversible) asthma, and some forms of bronchiectasis. This disease is characterized by increasing breathlessness.

Common Cold
The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose. Signs and symptoms may appear less than two days after exposure to the virus. These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever.

Influenza
Influenza (also known as the flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by flu viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The flu is different from a cold. People who have the flu often feel some or all of these symptoms: fever or feeling feverish/chills

Allergies
Allergies are one of the most common chronic diseases. The substances that cause allergic reactions are allergens. When someone has allergies, their immune system makes an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies respond to allergens. The symptoms that result are an allergic reaction.

Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial pneumonia is the most common type in adults. Pneumonia causes inflammation in the air sacs in your lungs, which are called alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe.

Pulmonary Edema
Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the numerous air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.

Sinusitis
Sinusitis is a common condition in which the lining of the sinuses becomes inflamed. It is usually caused by a viral infection and often improves within two or three weeks. The sinuses are small, air-filled cavities behind your cheekbones and forehead.

Throat Pain
A sore throat is a painful, dry, or scratchy feeling in the throat. Sore throat is generally caused by viral or bacterial infections, toxins, irritants, trauma, or injury to the throat.

Tinnitus
Tinnitus is a ringing, throbbing, buzzing, or clicking sound in the ears. Tinnitus can be caused by medication, diseases of the ear, trauma, or over exposure to loud noises.

Vertigo/dizziness
Vertigo is a type of dizziness and is a symptom of a range of conditions. Vertigo is often caused by an inner ear problem.

Bladder

Prolapse Bladder
A prolapsed bladder, or cystocele, may occur if tissues that support the bladder weaken or stretch, causing the bladder to descend into the vagina.

Overactive bladder
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a condition where there is a frequent feeling of needing to urinate to a degree that it negatively affects a person’s life.

Erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to get or keep an erection firm enough to have sexual intercourse. It’s also sometimes referred to as impotence.

Kidney stones
Kidney stones are small masses of salts and minerals that form inside the kidneys and may travel down the urinary tract.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of your urinary system — your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

Prostatitis
Prostatitis is swelling and inflammation of the prostate gland, a walnut-sized gland situated directly below the bladder in men.